Research & Publications

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Background/Objectives: This study explores the subjective perceptions of stakeholders in South Korea’s nature-based healing industry and employs Q methodology to classify their viewpoints. As the healing industry continues to evolve across sectors such as forest therapy, marine healing, and healing agriculture, understanding diverse stakeholder perspectives is essential for informing coherent and inclusive policy development. Methods: A total of 25 participants—including policymakers, practitioners, and service users—sorted 39 statements derived from academic and media sources. This study analysed the data using Ken-Q software, applying principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. Results: The results revealed four distinct perception types: (1) a comprehensive and service-oriented type emphasising universal access and public benefit, (2) a professionalismoriented type advocating for systematic administration and regional development, (3) a differentiation-oriented type concerned with conceptual clarity and distinctiveness, and (4) a sustainability-oriented type emphasising long-term impacts and collaborative structures. Conclusions: These findings highlight the multi-dimensional nature of stakeholder perceptions and suggest the need for differentiated governance strategies. By incorporating public choice theory and complementary insights from health economics, this study provides an empirical foundation for understanding stakeholder-driven policy considerations in developing nature-based healing services. Keywords: healing industry; Q methodology; public choice theory; subjective perception; nature-based therapy; policy design; Republic of Korea

Background/Objectives: This study examines the subjective perceptions of older adults with mild chronic conditions regarding an artificial intelligence (AI)-based caregiving device, referred to as an “AI Human”, by identifying and categorising their viewpoints through Q methodology. Methods: We conducted the study in February 2025 at two adult welfare centres in Buyeo, South Korea. Thirteen older adults used the AI Human device with support for at least 15 days. We initially generated 152 opinion statements through a literature review, focus group interviews, and AI-assisted methods and refined them to a Q sample of 34 statements. Participants completed Q sorts, and we used Ken-Q Analysis software (version 2.0.1) to analyse the data, applying principal component analysis and Varimax rotation. Results: Four distinct perception types emerged: (1) emotionally engaged users prioritise reminiscence and emotional interaction; (2) present-oriented conversationalists prefer real-time, everyday dialogue; (3) usage-burdened users are interested in the device but experience usage difficulty; and (4) function-oriented users value health and caregiving functions. Conclusions: The acceptance of AI caregiving devices among older adults varies based on their emotional needs, conversation preferences, technical accessibility, and perceived usefulness. This study provides theoretical and practical insights for developing personalised, elder-friendly AI systems that support ageing and promote emotional well-being. Keywords: older adults; artificial intelligence; virtual human; caregiving technology; Q methodology; technology acceptance; continuity theory

Abstract: This study examines and categorises subjective perceptions of love among individuals in their twenties and thirties, offering insights into their viewpoints during early adulthood. The study employed the Q methodology, suitable for analysing subjective perceptions such as perspectives, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes. It included 23 participants selected through purposive sampling from the 2030 generation residing in South Korea, with 40 statements constructed for the research. The findings revealed four types. Type 1, ‘Love Healing’, experiences psychological well‑being through love. Type 2, ‘Love Anxious’, longs for true love but is anxious. Type 3, ‘Love My‑self’, expresses hope for healthy love through self‑awareness. Type 4, ‘Love Mate’, seeks to maintain psychological love while pursuing independence. This research also explores similarities and differences between existing adult attachment and love types, highlighting the need for practical supporttailored to each type. These insights may serve as a foundation for developing coaching and counselling services that help individuals in their twenties and thirties cultivate healthy love and mature into their authentic selves. Keywords: early adulthood; romantic love; types of love; attachment; adults’ attachment; Q methodology

본 연구는 코칭 전공 대학원생들이 코칭을 전공으로 선택한 이유를 대학원생 들의 관점에서 살펴보고 유형화하여 이들이 실질적으로 코칭 전공 대학원에서 갈망하는 요구를 이해하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위하여 인간의 주관 적 인식을 분석하기에 적합한 Q방법론을 통해 연구 문제를 분석하였다. 본 연구 에서는 국내 코칭 관련 학과 대학원 석·박사과정 재학 또는 졸업한 사람들 중 목적표집 방법으로 선발된 총 21명의 P표본을 대상으로 40개의 진술문을 구성 하여 연구가 진행되었다. 연구 결과 총 4개의 유형으로 분석되었고 유형Ⅰ은 ‘경 제적 수입보다 사람을 중요시하는 기여형’, 유형Ⅱ는 ‘네트워킹보다 스스로를 중 요시하는 자아 계발형’, 유형Ⅲ은 ‘스펙을 통해 코칭의 학문 발전을 중요시하는 준비형’, 유형Ⅳ은 ‘코칭 철학을 믿는 긍정적 영향력 발휘형’으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 유형화된 대학원생의 코칭전공 선택에 관한 주관성 특성을 바탕으 로 이후 국내 코칭의 학문적 발전을 위해 코칭 관련 학과 대학원의 체계적인 교 육과정 방향성의 틀로 활용될 수 있으며, 나아가 국내 코칭 정착과 발전에 필요 한 기반이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다. This study aims to examine the subjective perceptions of graduate students majoring in “Coaching” on the reasons why they chose their major and to categorize these perceptions. The purpose is to understand the needs that these graduate students in “Coaching” programs actually desire. To achieve this, the Q methodology, suitable for analyzing subjective perceptions of individuals, was employed to analyze the research problem. For this study, a total number of 21 participants were selected through a targeted sampling method from individuals who were enrolled in or had graduated from master's or doctoral programs in coaching-related departments in domestic universities. A set of 40 statements was constructed for the study. The results of the study were categorized into four factors; Factor I, "Contributor type emphasizing people over economic gains"; Factor II, "Self-development type valuing oneself over networking"; Factor III, "Preparatory type valuing the academic development of coaching through qualifications"; and Factor IV, "Positive influence type believing in coaching philosophy." The findings of this study, based on the categorized characteristics of graduate students with different perspectives on their coaching major choices, can serve as a framework for the systematic educational direction of coaching-related departments and graduate programs for the future academic development of coaching in the country. Furthermore, it is anticipated that these findings could contribute as a foundation for the establishment and advancement of coaching practices within the country.

군(軍) 조직 내 에니어그램 활용에 대한 주제범위 문헌고찰 A Scoping Review on the Use of the Enneagram in Military Organizations 본 연구의 목적은 군 조직 내 에니어그램 활용에 대한 주제범위 문헌고찰을 통해 향후 군 조직에서의 에니어그램 연구 및 활용 방안을 제시하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 2000년부터 2024년까지 국내에서 발표된 문헌 14편을 선정하여 해당 연구의 일반적 특성과 연구 주제와 관련한 연구 결과를 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2001년부터 연구가 시작되었으며 학술지에 9편, 석사학위논문이 4편, 군내 학술지 연구보고서가 1편이 게재되었다. 둘째, 연구 방법 면에서는 양적연구가 6편, 질적연구가 3편, 프로그램 개발연구가 5편이었다. 셋째, 연구 주제 면에서는 정책 및 제도 개선 제안이 4편, 프로그램 개발 및 효과성 분석이 5편, 에니어그램 성격유형 분석 및 타 변인과의 관계 연구가 5편이었다. 특히 연구 주제별로 에니어그램이 어떻게 활용되고 있으며 향후 활용 방안에 대해 보다 구체적으로 확인하였다. 넷째, 연구 대상 측면에서 간부 대상 연구가 절반이었으며 이 중 3편은 생도 및 후보생에 대한 연구를 포함하였다. 병사 대상 연구는 4편, 간부와 병을 모두 포함한 연구는 1편, 문헌을 대상으로 한 연구는 2편이었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 리더십 및 팔로워십 분야와 심리상담 및 코칭 분야에서의 활용, 연구의 양적·질적 확대와 연구 방법론 다양화, 연구자의 자질향상과 민간 전문가와의 협력적 연구, 연구 대상자의 다양화 등 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 군 조직 내에서 에니어그램을 보다 유용하게 활용하고 조직 구성원의 성장과 조직목표 달성을 위한 기초자료로 활용하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping review on the use of the Enneagram in military organizations and to propose future research directions and practical applications. A total of 14 studies published in South Korea between 2000 and 2024 were analyzed to examine their general characteristics and research findings related to the topic. The key findings are as follows. First, research on the Enneagram in military organizations began in 2001, with nine studies published in academic journals, four master's theses, and one research report in a military journal. Second, regarding research methods, six were quantitative studies, three were qualitative studies, and five focused on program development. Third, in terms of research topics, four studies explored policy and system improvements, five analyzed program development and effectiveness, and five examined Enneagram personality types and their relationships with other variables. Fourth, regarding research subjects, seven studies focused on officers, four on soldiers, one on both officers and soldiers, and two were literature reviews. Based on these findings, this study suggests future research directions, including the application of the Enneagram in leadership and followership development, psychological counseling and coaching, the expansion of both quantitative and qualitative research, methodological diversification, enhancement of researcher expertise, collaboration with civilian experts, and broadening the scope of research participants. These results contribute to the effective utilization of the Enneagram in military organizations, supporting both the personal development of members and the achievement of organizational goals.